[14] Generally, though, the nymph is carried through the sea by adoring attendants in paintings generally titled The Triumph of Galatea, of which the most renowned treatment is by Raphael. «  POLYPHÈME  » est également traité dans : Fils du dieu italique Faunus et de la nymphe Symaethis. Acis et Galatée (1686), Pastorale héroïque von Jean-Baptiste Lully Aci, Galatea e Polifemo (1708), Serenata von Georg Friedrich Händel Acis and Galatea (1718), … This category contains operas, subcategorized by composer, genre, original language, year and acts.. For lists of operas in Wikipedia sorted by title, see List of operas by title.For a chronological list of important operas in Wikipedia, see List of important operas.For a comprehensive list of operas, see List of operas by composer. Galatea (Γαλάτεια; "she who is milk-white"), daughter of Nereus and Doris, was a sea-nymph anciently attested in the work of both Homer and Hesiod, where she is described as the fairest and most beloved of the 50 Nereids. 1676 - St. Germain-en-Laye. The Galatea in the grounds of Tsarskoye Selo in Russia has sea pearls threaded into her hair. Poliphème murders Acis out of jealousy, but Acis is revived and turned into a river by Neptune. Le matin, les Grecs s'enfuient en s'accrochant sous le ventre des béliers afin d'échapper au contrôle du géant aveuglé qui touche de ses mains tout ce qui sort de la caverne. Designed by Auguste Ottin in 1866, the marble group embrace inside a grotto while above them is crouched a huge Polyphemus in weathered bronze, peering down in jealousy. The episode tells of the love between the mortal Acis and the Nereid (sea-nymph) Galatea; when the jealous Cyclops Polyphemus kills Acis, Galatea transforms her lover into an immortal river spirit. […] Lire la suite. Amoureux sans espoir de la nymphe Galatée, qui aime Acis, il tente d'écraser son rival sous un rocher. Le sang de l'adolescent devint un fleuve. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. URL : https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/polypheme/. There are two versions of this, one at the centre of a fish pool in the East House of the University of Greenwich's Winter Gardens,[27] and a later copy installed at Hearst Castle in California. [19] Polyphemus lurks in the background of these and in the example by De Troy his presence plainly distresses Galatea. Der Vampyr. The nymph reclines on a large shell carried by tritons in the 18th-century fountain at the Villa Borromeo Visconti Litta in Milan.  : […] [8] Described by him as a pastoral-heroic work, it depicts a love triangle between the three main characters - Acis, Galatea, and Poliphème. Lebarbier, Monsiau, et Moreau. Written in Italian, Polifemo's deep bass solo Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori (From horrid shades) establishes his character from the start. A similar gesture is displayed in the statue of her alone in the fountain to the right of the great staircase at Château de Chantilly. スとガラテア Acis et Galatée (1686å¹´):Pastorale-héroïque（英雄牧歌劇）と名付けられる。 In general these follow the 3rd-century description given of such a painting by Philostratus the Younger in his Imagines:[15]. Her foot, with the graceful part that ends in it, is painted as on the sea and it lightly touches the water as if it were the rudder guiding her chariot. 1684 - Paris. In an earlier painting by Poussin (National Gallery of Ireland, 1630) the couple is among several embracing figures in the foreground, shielded from view of Polyphemus, who is playing his flute higher up the slope. Some time after the Renaissance, the same name was given to Pygmalion's animated statue and one has to distinguish between representations of her and of the nymph Galatea. [28] In this, one of the arms bent back to support her head is encircled by the dolphin's tail. [10] After Handel's move to England, he gave the story a new treatment in his pastoral opera Acis and Galatea with an English libretto provided by John Gay. Typical examples of this were painted by Francois Perrier,[16] Giovanni Lanfranco[17] and Jean-Baptiste van Loo. There is also a statue of her by Nicola Michetti that forms part of the cascade at the Peterhof Palace in St Petersburg. [4] Others claim that the story was invented to explain the presence of a shrine dedicated to Galatea on Mount Etna.[5]. They anticipate the tragic moment when he looms menacingly over the pair, having discovered the truth they have tried to conceal. Sensual portrayals of the lovers embracing in a landscape were provided by French painters especially, as in those by Charles de La Fosse (c. 1700), Jean-François de Troy[18] and Alexandre Charles Guillemot (1827). 1686 - Paris. "Acis" redirects here. 1829 - Leipzig. The threat is as apparent in Jean-Francois de Troy's softly outlined 18th-century vision[21] as it is in Odilon Redon's almost Surrealist painting of 1900. [25], An actual statue by a pool in the public gardens of Acireale, the Sicilian town where the transformation of Acis is supposed to have taken place, is less ingenious. Une fois sur son bateau, Ulysse interpelle Polyphème, lui révèle son nom et se moque de lui. L'argument du poème, souvent adopté par les prédécesseurs de Góngora, tant italiens qu'espagnols, est tiré des Métamorphoses d' Ovide (chant XIII, vers 738-897). © 2021 Encyclopædia Universalis France.Tous droits de propriété industrielle et intellectuelle réservés. While staying in London, Nicola Porpora composed the opera Polifemo which features Acis and Galatea as well as the former's encounter with Polyphemus. Les Métamorphoses d'Ovide. [3] But according to the Greek scholar Athenaeus, the story was first concocted by Philoxenus of Cythera as a political satire against the Sicilian tyrant Dionysius I of Syracuse, whose favourite concubine, Galatea, shared her name with the nymph. Marschner, Heinrich. The nymph sports on the peaceful sea, driving a team of four dolphins yoked together and working in harmony; and maiden-daughters of Triton, Galatea's servants, guide them, curving them in if they try to do anything mischievous or contrary to the rein. [6] It was written in homage to an earlier and rather shorter narrative with the same title by Luis Carillo y Sotomayor (1611)[7] The story was also given operatic treatment in the very popular zarzuela of Antoni Lliteres Carrió (1708). Ils eurent un fils, Paphos, qui fonda la ville de Paphos à Chypre, dédiée aux amours et cité favorite de la déesse. Acis et Galatée 1686; Legado. Å»yciorys. Traduction nouvelle avec le texte latin, suivie d'une analyse de l'explication des fables, de notes géographiques, historiques, mythologiques et critiques par M. G. T. Villenave ; ornée de gravures d'après les dessins de MM. The episode was made the subject of poems, operas, paintings, and statues in the Renaissance and after. https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/polypheme/, Le « Polyphème » et les « Solitudes », dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis. Other French examples by Antoine Jean Gros (1833)[20] and Édouard Zier (1877) show the lovers hiding in a cave and peering anxiously out at him. In those cases where the rejected lover Polyphemus appears somewhere ashore, the division between them is emphasised by their being identified with their respective elements, sea, and land. Acis leans on a rock, casually playing the flute, as the half-clad Galatea comes upon him with hands lifted in surprise (1667–75). Dans sa rage, le Cyclope jette, mais en vain, des rochers dans l'eau contre le bateau des Grecs. Paintings featuring Acis and Galatea can be grouped according to their themes. When a jealous rival, the Sicilian Cyclops Polyphemus, killed him with a boulder, Galatea then turned his blood into the Sicilian River Acis, of which he became the spirit. It is on the back of a dolphin that she reclines in the statue by the 19th-century Italian sculptor Leopoldo Ansiglioni (1832–1894). À l'image de l'archétype latin, Góngora relate la légend […] There are a pair by Jean-Baptiste Tuby in the Bosquet des Dômes in the Versailles gardens. French sculptors have also been responsible for some memorable statues. There is a fanciful description of a fountain that incorporates them both in John Barclay's Latin novel Argenis, dating from 1621: Being drawn to the top of the fountain, the water passed through many pipes in various forms, then falling into the cistern beneath, it boiled with the force of its falling and waxed green like the sea. Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis. Shortly afterwards George Frideric Handel was working in that country and composed the cantata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo (1708), laying as much emphasis on the part of Polifemo as on the lovers. BonzaSheila Presents The Art Of Love Archives For February, 2006", "polyphemus and Acis and Galatea.gif - tribe.net", http://www.wga.hu/art/c/carracci/annibale/farnese/farnese4.jpg, "Wave/image/joconde/0640/m507704_02-014751_p", "Polyphemus attacking Acis and Galatea (after) Loo, Carle van | Oil Painting Reproduction | 1st-Art-Gallery.com", http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kThEbQGMmBk/TzGUDIvSurI/AAAAAAABC0g/I-28O8ANL4I/s1600/Marble+statue+in+the+garden+publics+of+Acireale,+Sicily+-+Tutt%27Art@.jpg%7Ctitle=-kThEbQGMmBk/TzGUDIvSurI/AAAAAAABC0g/I-28O8ANL4I/s1600/Marble+statue+in+the+garden+publics+of+Acireale,+Sicily+-+Tutt%27Art@, "Hearst Castle Statue - Galatea on a Dolphin by Leopoldo Ansiglioni photo - Rich Gardner photos at pbase.com", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acis_and_Galatea&oldid=1001996817, Metamorphoses into bodies of water in Greek mythology, Articles with dead external links from September 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the DGRBM, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 January 2021, at 09:28. During Renaissance and Baroque times the story emerged once more as a popular theme. Armide. A une époque récente la statue reçut le nom de Galatée qu'il ne faut pas la confondre avec la Néréide, amante d'Acis. consulté le 02 février 2021. That had been portrayed in earlier paintings of Polyphemus casting a rock at the fleeing lovers, such as those by Annibale Carracci,[22] Auger Lucas [fr][23] and Carle van Loo. Fils de Poséidon et de la nymphe Thoosa, Polyphème est le plus sauvage et le plus célèbre de tous les Cyclopes. C'est de ce moment que date le ressentiment de Poséidon à l'égard d'Ulysse. A. Achille et Polixène, LWV 74 (Lully, Jean-Baptiste) Acis et Galatée, LWV 73 (Lully, Jean-Baptiste) Alceste, LWV 50 (Lully, Jean-Baptiste) Amadis, LWV 63 (Lully, Jean-Baptiste) Alceste ou Le triomphe d'Alcide. Poliphème murders Acis out of jealousy, but Acis is revived and turned into a river by Neptune. Many other statues feature Galatea alone, but there is a complication. Over her head she balances the huge shell from which the water pours. Il habite une caverne en Sicile et vit d'un grand troupeau de chèvres dont il est le berger. En 1806 fut publiée à Paris une édition des Métamorphoses d'Ovide, dont voici le titre : . [13], Acis and Galatea hiding from Polyphemus by Édouard Zier (1877), Atis and Galathea by Pompeo Batoni (1761), Acis and Galatea by Nicolas Poussin (circa 1629-1630), Acis und Galatea by Jacob van Schuppen (circa 1730), Acis, Galatea, and Polyphemus by François Perrier (1645 and 1650), Coastal landscape with Acis and Galatea by Claude Lorrain (1657), Landscape with Polyphemus by Nicolas Poussin. Lorsque Ulysse, jeté en Sicile par une tempête, se réfugie avec une douzaine de compagnons dans sa caverne, le Cyclope commence par dévorer plusieurs Grecs. [1] In Ovid's Metamorphoses she appears as the beloved of Acis, the son of Faunus and the river-nymph Symaethis, daughter of the River Symaethus. One pointer is given by the introduction of features mentioned in the description of the nymph by Philostratus that is quoted above. Acis et Galatée se dérobant au regard de Polyphème, par François Perrier, musée du Louvre [27], réplique Musée des beaux-arts de Carcassonne [28] Le cyclope Polyphème s'apprête à écraser Acis sous un rocher, Fresque d'Annibale Carracci (1560-1609), Palais Farnèse, Rome; Céramique Amadis. Statues of Galatea, sometimes in the company of Acis, began to be made in Europe from the 17th century. This is particularly so in Nicolas Poussin's Landscape with Polyphemus (1649)(Hermitage Museum) and Claude Lorrain's seaside landscape (Dresden) of 1657, in both of which the lovers play a minor part in the foreground. In the work by Gabriel de Grupello in the castle park at Schwetzingen, the triton at Galatea's feet holds up a garland threaded with shells and pearls. 1686 - Anet. Hélas Galatée était l'amante du berger Acis, et Polyphème se vengea cruellement sur les deux jeunes gens. He lies beneath the boulder that has killed him while Galatea crouches to one side, an arm raised to heaven in supplication.[26]. « POLYPHÈME », Encyclopædia Universalis [en ligne], The atmosphere here is lighter and enlivened by the inclusion of the clowns Momo and Tisbe. Another statue was erected at the head of an impressive cascade in Stuttgart's Eugenplatz. La particularidad de la obra de Lully, en una época donde rara vez la música trasciende a la muerte de los compositores, es que se … Most notably the story takes place within a pastoral landscape in which the figures are almost incidental. Nés de la volonté et du génie d’un roi, de la créativité et de l’esprit d’exigence d’artistes en quête de dépassement, le château et les jardins furent, tour à tour, un lieu de fantaisie et de divertissement, le symbole du pouvoir puis de la mélancolie fin de siècle avant avant de devenir un des sites touristiques les plus célèbres du monde. Bassin de Latone, Versailles. [2] This version of the tale now occurs nowhere earlier than in Ovid's work and might perhaps have been a fiction invented by the poet, "suggested by the manner in which the little river springs forth from under a rock". In the midst whereof, Galatea, as in the sea, bewailed her newly dead Acis, who lay on the shore, and as if he now began to be dissolved into a river, he sent forth two streams, one at his mouth, the other at his wound. Lire la suite, Dans le chapitre « Le « Polyphème » et les « Solitudes » » スとガラテアの恋 （Les amours d'Acis et Galatée, 1678）（消失） オルフェウスの冥府下り （La descente d'Orphée aux enfers, 1686-1687） パリスの審判 （Le Jugement de Pâris, 1690） ピロメーラー （Philomele, 1690）（消失） メデア （Médée, 1693） 宗教悲劇 Atys. In France, Jean-Baptiste Lully devoted his opera Acis et Galatée (1686) to their love. Der Templer und die Jüdin. It is particularly noted for its depiction of landscape and for the sensual description of the love of Acis and Galatea. In the applied arts, three-dimensional representations of Raphael's triumph theme were often incorporated into artifacts for aristocratic use and were painted on majolica ware. And lo, her right elbow stands out and her white forearm is bent back, while she rests her fingers on her delicate shoulder, and her arms are gently rounded, and her breasts project, nor yet is beauty lacking in her thigh. The lovers are portrayed together as part of the Medici Fountain in the Luxembourg Garden in Paris. 1828 - Leipzig. There is also a German fountain by Karl Friedrich Moest now installed in Karlsruhe in which Galatea sits on the back of a triton. As a pastoral work where Polyphemus plays only a minor, though decisive part, it largely centres on the two lovers. In France, Jean-Baptiste Lully devoted his opera Acis et Galatée (1686) to their love. Acis et Galatée. Charpentier urodził się w Paryżu, jako syn urzędnika dworskiego mającego bardzo dobre kontakty z paryskim parlamentem.Marc-Antoine otrzymał bardzo dobre wykształcenie, prawdopodobnie u jezuitów, i w wieku 18 lat został wpisany na listę uczniów w szkole prawniczej w Paryżu.Między 1667 i 1669 rokiem prawdopodobnie był w Rzymie, gdzie studiował u … These include one hand raised and holding a billowing scarf; sea imagery, including shells, dolphins and tritons; and often the fact that the statue is incorporated into a fountain. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. For other uses, see, Rebecca Green, "Representing the Aristocracy", in, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Presto Classical - Lully: Acis et Galatée - DG Archiv: E4534972 (download) - Buy online", "Martina Bovet: Dove sei, dove t'ascondi; G. B. Bononcini (Polifemo) - YouTube", "Aci, Galatea e Polifemo - Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori - YouTube", http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yKTcOgwlx0U/TxqpsTcifiI/AAAAAAAALN4/D5PDymRH16k/s1600/Galatea.jpg, http://www.wga.hu/art/p/perrier/acisgala.jpg, "Giovanni Lanfranco Galatea and Polyphemus Painting Reproduction On Artclon For Sale - Buy Art Reproductions Galatea and Polyphemus", "Jean-François de Troy (Paris 1679-1752 Rome)", "The Athenaeum - The Loves of Acis and Galatea (Alexandre Charles Guillemot - )", "Acis And Galatea by AntoineJean Gros, 1833. Acis and Galatea are characters from Greek mythology later associated together in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Il existe toutefois une légende où Galatée répond à l'amour du cyclope dont elle eut trois enfants: Celtos, Galas et Illyrios. (1870). In Italy Giovanni Bononcini's one-act opera Polifemo followed in 1703.[9]. In Austria later in the century, Joseph Haydn composed Acide e Galatea (1763). The brooding atmosphere in these suggests the violent action which is to follow. [12] Designed for an imperial wedding, it was given a happier ending centred on the transformation scene after the murder of Acis as the pair declare their undying love. She holds over her heads against the wind a light scarf of sea-purple to provide a shade for herself and a sail for her chariot, and from it a kind of radiance falls upon her forehead and her head, though no white more charming than the bloom on her cheek; her hair is not tossed by the breeze, for it is so moist that it is proof against the wind. [29] A work of Otto Rieth (1858–1911) dating from 1890, it features the nymph crowned with seaweed and surging up from the dolphin and young cupids playing at her feet. Mais le cyclope Polyphème, son rival malheureux, surprit un jour les amants et écrasa Acis sous un rocher. In Spain, Luis de Góngora y Argote wrote the much-admired narrative poem, Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea, published in 1627. Théocrite a écrit une idylle sur le sujet ainsi qu'Ovide (voir Acis et Galatée). Paphos passe aussi pour le fils de Céphale et d'Eos. C'est en 1612 que Góngora écrivit la Fable de Polyphème et Galatée, poème mythologique de 504 vers, composé en octavas reales (strophes de huit vers hendécasyllabes rimés ABABABCC). Ulysse l'enivre et, profitant de son profond sommeil, enfonce dans son œil unique un pieu acéré. Pygmalion et Galatée (1763) - scultura di Étienne Maurice Falconet; Aci, Galatea e Polifemo - "serenata" di Georg Friedrich Händel (in italiano) Acis and Galathea - masque di Georg Friedrich Händel (in inglese) Galatea con sfere (1952) - dipinto di Salvador Dalí; Scultura "Galatea" al palazzo ducale di Sassuolo opera di Antonio Raggi Selon Ovide (III e   Métamorphose ), Acis aimait la nymphe Galatée, dont il était aimé. Nicole QUENTIN-MAURER, Described by him as a pastoral-heroic work, it depicts a love triangle between the three main characters - Acis, Galatea, and Poliphème. [24], Acis playing the flute by Jean-Baptiste Tuby, The lovers embrace on the Medici Fountain, Paris, The lovers drawn over the sea, 17th-century German ivory carving, An Italian vase decorated with the Triumph of Galatea, Gabriël Grupello's statue at Schwetzingen Palace, Nicola Michetti's statue at the Peterhof Palace, Galatea at the head of the Galatea water well [de], Stuttgart. "Acis". [11] Initially composed in 1718, the work went through many revisions and was later to be given updated orchestrations by both Mozart and Mendelssohn. In all of these Polyphemus is somewhere in the background, but many others feature Galatea alone, as in Perino del Vaga's painting of her being drawn by sea beasts over the waves while riding on a seashell. Inscrivez-vous à notre newsletter hebdomadaire et recevez en cadeau un ebook au choix ! Her eyes are wonderful, for they have a kind of distant look that travels as far as the sea extends. 1674 - Paris. Fils de Poséidon et de la nymphe Thoosa, Polyphème est le plus sauvage et le plus célèbre de tous les Cyclopes.Il habite une caverne en Sicile et vit d'un grand troupeau de chèvres dont il est le berger. Cette option est réservée à nos abonné(e)s. Encyclopædia Universalis - Contact - Mentions légales - Consentement RGPD, Consulter le dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis.